who is qualified to serve as an elder? (1)

 

Now as much as we at times might like it to be, we know the New Testament (NT) is not a law book or a check list. We know the NT is the composition of the work of different writers in different settings at different times with different styles and with different intents and purposes in mind. Consequently, when we search the NT for texts concerning nearly any teaching we should expect to discover multiple texts and variation between those texts.

So, what should we do with Scripture texts that speak in a variety of ways on a matter? We’d do well to resist the temptation to simply pour all of the texts we uncover into something of a systematic theology blender (shades of the Bass-o-Matic). Instead, we should seek to simply grow comfortable with allowing the individual texts to speak for themselves and stick to capturing the big picture of Scripture’s teaching. In learning to live with whatever variation we find we’ll actually be safeguarding ourselves from attempting to convert Scripture into something it isn’t.

Now when we turn to the NT in search of texts regarding the qualities fitting for one who would serve as an elder among God’s people, we find multiple passages with variation between them. This variation alone immediately clues us into the fact that there is no set checklist or listing of qualifications to serve as a shepherd of God’s people, but something more on the order of a portrait of an elder being painted with varying textures and colors. That is, the information shared with us then in these texts is not a strict list of criteria or qualifications for elders, but are something more on the order of important, helpful guidelines or indicators.

Now in my experience, two texts on the qualities of elders tend to capture most of our attention when this topic comes to the top: 1 Timothy 3.1-7 and Titus 1.5-9. However, at least two other NT passages should be factored into our observations from the start – 1 Timothy 5.17-22 and 1 Peter 5.1-5 – and our quest for understanding should not end with a superficial reading of any or all of these passages.

What follows below is my attempt to take into real consideration the details of these four passages (as worded in the Common English Bible) while looking for “the big picture” that, taken together, they paint. And so, when considering someone as a potential candidate to serve as one of a church’s elders, I would suggest that Scripture is telling us to ask some serious questions about them, namely:

1. Is their character and behavior highly respectable?

a. Do they love what is good? – Titus 1.8
b. Are they godly? – Titus 1.8
c. Are they without fault? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.6
d. Are they honest? – 1 Tim. 3.2
e. Are they ethical? – Titus 1.8
f. Can they stand the heat of a false accusation? – 1 Tim. 5.19
g. Do they have a good reputation with those outside the church? – 1 Tim. 3.7

2. Is their family life healthy?

a. Are they faithful to their spouse? That is, are they a one-woman man? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.6
b. Do they manage their household well, fostering respect and obedience in the lives of their children? – 1 Tim. 3.4-5
c. Are their children faithful, not self-indulgent or rebellious? – Titus 1.6

3. Do they play well with others?

a. Are they gentle? – 1 Tim. 3.3
b. Are they peaceable? – 1 Tim. 3.3
c. Do they bully anyone? – 1 Tim. 3.3; Titus 1.7

4. Are they giving and generous?

a. Are they without fault as managers of what God has already given them? – Titus 1.7
b. Are they greedy for or with anything? – 1 Tim. 3.3; Titus 1.7; 1 Pet. 5.3
c. Do they show hospitality? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.8

5. Do they think clearly and manage their emotions well?

a. Are they modest about themselves? – 1 Tim. 3.2
b. Are they stubborn? – Titus 1.7
c. Are they irritable? – Titus 1.7
d. Are they sober and reasonable in their thinking? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.8

6. Are they teachable and given to teaching?

a. Do they pay attention to the reliable message they themselves are taught? – Titus 1.9
b. Are they capable public speakers and teachers who encourage people and defend healthy instruction? – 1 Tim. 3.2; 5.17-18; Titus 1.9
c. Would they handle receiving godly, public discipline well?- 1 Tim. 5.20

7. Does anything, or anyone, own them?

a. Are they addicted to alcohol? – 1 Tim. 3.3; Titus 1.7
b. Are they self-controlled? – Titus 1.8
c. Would their appointment be the result of bias or the playing of favorites? – 1 Tim. 5.21

8. Do they lead people rightly?

a. Do they lead people? – 1 Tim. 5.17
b. Do they lead by example? – 1 Pet. 5:3
c. Can they handle having and exercising authority over people? – 1 Pet. 5.5
d. Would they be susceptible to succumbing to ruling over people? – 1 Pet. 5.3
e. Would they function like shepherds among a flock of sheep, watching over them? – 1 Pet. 5:2

9. Would they shepherd because they’ve got to or because they get to?

a. Is it their goal to take on the responsibility of being a supervisor in the church? – 1 Tim. 3.1
b. Would they do their work as a shepherd voluntarily and for God? – 1 Pet. 5.2

10. Is the timing right for their appointment?

a. Are they a new believer? – 1 Tim. 3.6
b. Would their appointment be hasty, unethical, or unwise? – 1 Tim. 5.22

picture Bible commentary

We have access by faith into this grace in which we stand through him. (Romans 5.2 CEB)

word for the weak: week six

 

This week marks the start of our sixth week in the Uncommon Truth for Common People project. This week’s theme is love and this week’s reading schedule follows:

• Mon., Feb. 6 – 1 Corinthians 13:1-3; 1 Thessalonians 4:3-9; 1 Peter 4:1-8

• Tues., Feb. 7 – John 13:34-35; 1 John 4:7-21

• Wed., Feb. 8 – Ruth 1-4; 1 John 3:11-24; John 15:12-13; Luke 7:36-50

• Thur., Feb. 9 – Romans 8:31-39; 5:6-8; John 3:16-17; Psalm 136

• Fri., Feb. 10 – Romans 13:8-10; 12:9-13; Galatians 5:13-14

This week’s memory verse is: “This is my commandment: love each other just as I have loved you.” (John 15:12 CEB)

Christ in the Psalms: passion for your house has consumed me

 

NOTE: Following is a copy of the discussion guide that will be used in MoSt Church’s LIFE groups tomorrow (Sun., Feb. 5). This guide will enable your follow-up of my sermon that morning from Psalm 69. This is the fourth sermon in a series entitled The Christ in the Psalms and the Psalms in the Christ. You’ll find these LIFE group discussion guides categorized each week here on my site under the category title LIFE group guides.

Aim

To remind us of just how completely Jesus understands our heartaches in trying to be his.

Word

Save me, God, because the waters have reached my neck!

I have sunk into deep mud. … I am tired of crying. … My eyes are exhausted with waiting for my God. More numerous than the hairs on my head are those who hate me for no reason. [John 15:25] … God, you know my foolishness; my wrongdoings aren’t hidden from you.

LORD God of heavenly forces!—don’t let those who hope in you be put to shame because of me. God of Israel!—don’t let those who seek you be disgraced because of me.

I am insulted because of you. … I have become a stranger to my own brothers … Because passion for your house has consumed me, the insults of those who insult you have fallen on me! [John 2:17; Rom. 15:3] I wept while I fasted—even for that I was insulted. … Those who sit at the city gate muttered things about me; drunkards made up rude songs.

But me? My prayer reaches you, LORD, at just the right time. God, in your great and faithful love, answer me with your certain salvation! … Don’t let me drown! Let me be saved from those who hate me and from these watery depths! … Don’t let the abyss swallow me up! … Answer me, LORD, for your faithful love is good! … Don’t hide your face from me, your servant, because I’m in deep trouble. Answer me quickly! Come close to me! Redeem me! …

You know full well the insults I’ve received; you know my shame and my disgrace. … Insults have broken my heart. … I hoped for sympathy, but there wasn’t any … To quench my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. [Matt. 27:48; Mk. 15:36; Jn. 19:28-29]

Let the table before them become a trap, their offerings a snare. Let their eyes grow too dim to see; make their insides tremble constantly. [Rom. 11:9-10] Pour out your anger on them … Let their camp be devastated; let no one dwell in their tents. [Acts 1:20a] … they talk about the pain of those you’ve already pierced. … Don’t let them come into your righteousness! Let them be wiped out of the scroll of life! Let them not be recorded along with the righteous!

And me? I’m afflicted. I’m full of pain.

Let your salvation keep me safe, God!

I will praise God’s name with song … with thanks because that is more pleasing to the LORD than … a young bull with full horns and hooves. Let the afflicted see it and be glad! You who seek God—let your hearts beat strong again because the LORD listens to the needy … Let heaven and earth praise God … God will most certainly save Zion and will rebuild Judah’s cities… those who love God’s name will dwell there. (excerpts of Psalm 69 CEB)

Open

Icebreaker questions are meant to help us all start talking. Discuss the following to discuss as a group.

1. What is a taunt you recall having suffered from classmates as a child?

2. Complete this sentence: when I get truly down and depressed I tend to ______________.

Dig

These questions are intended to help us grapple with Scripture related to the morning’s sermon.

1. This psalm is a combo of (a) prayer, (b) lament (vs.2-5,7-12,19-21,29a), (c) a cry for vengeance (vs. 22-28) and (d) praise (vs.30-36). Underline the prayer verses. What do they ask?

2. Look up the NT references in brackets in the text above. How does the NT use this psalm?

Reflect

These questions facilitate our sharing what we sense God’s Spirit is doing with us through his word.

1. What is one of the biggest things you’ve ever called on God to do for you? What happened?

2. Which is most difficult for you: (a) waiting on God to do something (vs. 3), (b) trying to live with people who hate you for no discernible reason (vs. 4), or (c) the shame of your own sins (vs. 5)?

3. How does the cry for vengeance (vs.22-28) strike you? Are Christians today to pray this way? Explain.

4. What does this psalm say to you about Jesus Christ, the man of sorrows?

5. How can empathizing with this psalmist’s difficult experiences equip you for tough times?

this went thru my mind

 

Accountability: Why I Don’t Believe in Christian Accountability | A Response by Mike Breen

“God is constantly speaking to us and is inviting us to himself and his unfolding Kingdom. His desire is that the words he speaks deep into us will change the way we see the world around us (Repentance) and result in us living differently (Belief).”

Bible interpretation & science: Misreading the Bible’s “Scientific Accuracy”

“The point is whether God guided the Biblical authors to write in such a way that they spoke better than they knew about future scientific findings.”

Charles Siburt: For Charlie by Dan Bouchelle

“Like the rest, I am deeply conflicted at the news that Charlie’s battle with cancer is drawing to a close and Charlie is in his final days with us on this side of Jesus’ appearing to set all things right. I’m thrilled Charlie will soon be with his Lord. I grieve over the hole his departure will leave behind.”

Christian conservatism: Christian Conservatives Seldom Conserve the Real Tradition by Richard Rohr

” To be fair, many progressives and liberals are just as bad.”

Church potluck meals: Food, Glorious…Potlucks?

“If food is relational, what are we saying to our friends and neighbors when we invite them to church and offer them overdone Mostacholi à la bland with a side of 15 layer Jell-o dessert?”

Cremation: Cremation: Is It Okay? by Edward Fudge

“Our confidence finally rests not in a scientific explanation, or in metaphysical theories about immortal souls, but in the personal faithfulness of the living God who made us in the first place and in whose keeping we safely sleep until he raises us on the Last Day …”

Defining Christ’s mission: What Was the Mission of Christ? David Lipscomb Answers by John Mark Hicks

“I am often amazed at how some contemporary writers–missional and emergent–seem to believe that they have embraced a new vision for the mission of God. It also amazes me that some more traditional writers–some Evangelicals and some New Calvinists–regard the missional emphasis as a new understanding of the gospel. David Lipscomb (1831-1917) reminds us that such emphases are not new.”

Difficult people: How to Deal with Difficult People and Have Constructive Conflict by Joe Wilner

“When we encounter these extreme personalities it can feel like they are trying to make our life miserable, but more often than not, it’s simply learning about these peoples’ tendencies and how to interact in a more tactful way. Some conflicts are unavoidable and shouldn’t be smoothed over or suppressed, though it’s learning to deal with our differences, and how to understand, resolve, and learn from these interactions that’s important.”

Discipleship: Favorite Quotes: James A. Harding by John Mark Hicks

“Our greatest trouble now is, it seems to me, a vast unconverted membership. A very large percent of the church members among us seem to have very poor conceptions of what a Christian ought to be. They are brought into the church during these high-pressure protracted meetings, and they prove to be a curse instead of a blessing. They neglect prayer, the reading of the Bible, and the Lord’s day meetings, and, of course, they fail to do good day by day as they should. Twelve years of continuous travel among the churches have forced me to the sad conclusion that a very small number of the nominal Christians are worthy of the name.” (Feb. 1887)

Food5 Myths Haunting Your Healthy Foods by Jonathan Bechtel

“The bottom line in all these myths is that people mistakenly assume various certifications as proxies for nutritional quality, but their presence bears no meaning to the quality of food you eat when you hold other things equal. The best way to ensure you’re eating right is to consistently consume a diet of fresh foods with minimally processed ingredients, and spare yourself the confusion of deciphering the legitimacy of the latest fads of the health food industry.”

Form & function: Form Versus Function by Timothy Archer

“How do we know when fulfilling the function is enough and when to insist on the exact form?”

Google Reader: Make Google Reader Pretty with Reeder for Chrome by Bobby Travis

“Google Reader is the best RSS subscription collector out there — but only as a base. In practice it has one of the ugliest user interfaces I’ve ever come across. … Thankfully, some enterprising folks have used browser technology to re-skin Reader into something that actually makes content easy to consume. One of the best is Reeder for Chrome.”

Grief: Good Grief – the E-Book by Ben Witherington

“Mark Galli, senior editor at CT liked the Good Grief articles so well, that Christianity Today is turning them, plus another 35 pages of my reflections that don’t turn up on this blog, into an e-book which you can read on Kindle, and see the pictures in color on Kindle Fire. In addition, there will be a sample in the April print issue of Christianity Today. Finally, all profits from this book are going to be donated to a worthy charitable cause Christy would have supported.”

Leadership: Leading the Leaders (Someone Has to Steer) by Tim Woodroof

“When leadership of the elder group is passed (sequentially and regularly) to different men—with different personalities and preferences … with varying levels of leadership skills and experiences … influenced by diverse constituencies and sensibilities … with assorted understandings of and commitments to the stated goals and directions of the church—the result can be nothing other than confusion and ambiguity and ineffectiveness.”

“Masculine Christianity“: Call No Man on Earth Father: A Comment on “Masculine Christianity” by Richard Beck

“I particularly learned a lot from J.R. Daniel Kirk’s response (who knew the translation of El Shaddai had anything to do with mammary glands?).”

New creation theology/renewed earth theology: From Lipscomb to Wallace on “New Creation” Theology by John Mark Hicks

“My interest in this post is new creation theology, that is, the belief that God will renew this earth, unite heaven and earth, and dwell with his people upon that renewed earth for eternity. This was a rather commonly held view among 19th century Stone-Campbell folk though, of course, not the only perspective. It was certainly the understanding of the theological trajectory connected with the Nashville Bible School, particularly in the thinking of David Lipscomb and James A. Harding. By the end of WWII, however, renewed earth theology had all but disappeared. What happened?”

Small groups: Four Practical Reasons for Small Groups by Rick Warren

“We may attract attenders through preaching, but disciples are made in small groups.”

To-do lists: Using Your To-Do List as a Second Brain by Nate Klemp

“How do you break out of the must-remember-mind? How can you draw your attention away from endless mental to-dos to the experience of this moment? The answer is – you need a second brain, a brain dedicated to holding on to all those emails, tasks, and calls you can’t stop thinking about. Enter the to-do list.”

Work: When You Feel Overwhelmed by Your Workload by Michael Hyatt

“Here are six things you can do to cope. … Acknowledge you can’t do it all. … Accept the fact some things won’t get done at all. … Practice workload triage. … Categorize your tasks by priority. … Practice intentional neglect. … Do the next most important thing next.”

how many elders should a church have?

 

Short answer …

As many as it takes to get the job done, but no more than are truly qualified to serve.

Long answer …

Two points should be noted.

1. There should be more than one elder within a church. The New Testament always speaks of “elders,” note the plural. For example:

“They sent Barnabas and Saul to take this gift to the elders.” (Acts 11.30 CEB)

“Don’t neglect the spiritual gift in you that was given through prophecy when the elders laid hands on you.” (1 Timothy 4.14 CEB)

“If any of you are sick, they should call for the elders of the church, and the elders should pray over them, anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord.” (James 5.14 CEB)

The wisdom of a plurality of elders should be self-evident. Accountability, comradeship, and a larger pool of talent, experience, and wisdom from which to draw are just a few of the advantages that instantly come to mind when one thinks of plurality in leadership. Incidentally, it is the plurality of elders that gave rise to the commonly used word in our Christian heritage of an “eldership.”

2. No more should serve as elders than are truly qualified to serve. The notion that “So and so is a truly good person so if we make them an elder we’re confident they’ll grow into that role” should not even be considered. Such thinking makes a mockery of reason and the entire process of qualification.

The same holds true for recognizing someone as an elder primarily on the basis of likability, the status they hold in the community, how wealthy or successful they are in business, how much they have given to the church, how many people “vote” for them, or the power and influence they wield. The church is not a democracy, nor must it ever allow itself to be beholden to money, popularity, culture, or the measures of leadership used by the world, such as numbers. Likewise, appointment to the eldership must not ever be seen as a “reward” for service rendered to God in other ways. It is infinitely better that a few serve who are truly godly, servant-like leaders serve as elders than any number more who are something less.

While it might be thought that an odd number would be most desirable (in matters requiring group decision), but an odd number is anything but necessary. Experience tells us that it is the quest for an odd number that often leads to the installation of individuals who are not truly qualified (or not yet ready) to serve as elders. Such thinking comes from the mistaken understanding that an eldership’s work is primarily about making decisions. Such thinking does not reflect what we see related in Scripture regarding the dominant function of elders, but rather imitates more of an American business model of a board of directors. God deliver from such.

If the matter at hand is something that requires the group decision of an eldership and an even number of godly elders find themselves at an impasse with a split decision, they need not consider themselves completely stymied. We must not fail to consider that the impasse could be from God, if for no other use but as a test. Renewed discussion and prayer often reveals things more clearly and when such does not, patient waiting does, too. It is in the waiting that we are given opportunity to grow in our faith in God and love toward others. If there is still no resolution and the matter is not merely important, but also urgent, other means can be devised to break the tie. We are confident that if the apostles were comfortable with the prayerful casting of lots as a means of choosing fellow apostles (cf. Acts 1.15-26), a way that rests solely on faith and that truly honors God can, and will, be found.

Now the presence of only two elders within a congregation could give the appearance that an eldership is vulnerable to sudden dissolution. However, if a church is well organized (i.e. – the elders having delegated most of the church’s matters to servant leaders answerable to them) a church should not wring its hands with concern over having “only” two elders. Rather, it should thank God for the two God has given it; it must not be forgotten that godly elders are gifts from God. That is to say the task of recognizing elders is the task of recognizing gifts God has given, recognizing what God has already been about.

“… the Holy Spirit has placed you as supervisors [episkopos] …” (Acts 20.28 CEB)

And so, in sum, it is not the quantity of elders that makes a church, but the quality. If there is a quest for a large eldership in a small or medium-sized church it is almost always an indicator of inadequate delegation. So then, if the church should ever err as to the number appointed to be elders, let it always err on the low side and let it grow in the grace of taking on its shoulders much of the work with which a large eldership not prone to shepherding ways or delegation often finds itself saddled. If Scripture teaches anything it tells us that God has never been concerned with large numbers to work his plan and accomplish his will.

how does the Bible refer to elders?

 

Elders, as in those who serve in a leadership capacity with a community of Christians, are referred to by four different Greek words in the New Testament: (a) presbyteros, (b) episkopos, (c) poimen, and (d) oikonomos. Though English translations vary in the way they render these words they are commonly translated, respectively: (a) presbyter, elder (b) overseer, supervisor, bishop, (c) shepherd, pastor, and (d) steward, manager. That these four words all refer to the same type and group of leaders is evident from the fact that these terms are often used as synonyms within the Biblical text. Of the texts that use these terms, four follow:

“From Miletus he sent a message to Ephesus calling for the church’s elders [a] to meet him. … Watch yourselves and the whole flock, in which the Holy Spirit has placed you as supervisors [b], to shepherd [c] God’s church, which he obtained with the death of his own Son.” (Acts 20.17,28 CEB)

“From Paul and Timothy, slaves of Christ Jesus. To all those in Philippi who are God’s people in Christ Jesus, along with your supervisors [b] and servants.” (Philippians 1.1 CEB)

“This saying is reliable: if anyone has a goal to be a supervisor [b] in the church, they want a good thing. So the church’s supervisor [b] must be without fault. They should be faithful to their spouse, sober, modest, and honest. They should show hospitality and be skilled at teaching.” (1 Timothy 3.1-2 CEB)

“The reason I left you behind in Crete was to organize whatever needs to be done and to appoint elders [a] in each city, as I told you. Elders [a] should be without fault. They should be faithful to their spouse, and have faithful children who can’t be accused of self-indulgence or rebelliousness. This is because supervisors [b] should be without fault as God’s managers [d]: they shouldn’t be stubborn, irritable, addicted to alcohol, a bully, or greedy.” (Titus 1.5-7 CEB)

“Therefore, I have a request for the elders [a] among you. (I ask this as a fellow elder [a] and a witness of Christ’s sufferings, and as one who shares in the glory that is about to be revealed.) I urge the elders: Like shepherds [c], tend the flock of God among you. Watch over it. Don’t shepherd because you must, but do it voluntarily for God. Don’t shepherd [c] greedily, but do it eagerly.” (1 Peter 5.1-2 CEB)

These four words – (a) presbyteros, (b) episkopos, (c) poimen, and (d) oikonomos – refer, with some overlap, to (a) the distance they’ve traveled in life (elder), (b) the duty they hold in the church’s life, and (c) their deeds within the life of the faith community (c,d). As they are elder/older, they are to be of service not only to their peers, but particularly to those who are younger. The sheep entrusted to their care are to benefit from their fulfilling their personal and painstaking role as shepherds. And since they are the Lord’s servants who supervise and manage the works of service of others who serve the Lord, they are to be adequate and competent to the task.

While one wouldn’t want to make too much of it and though it’s a bit like painting with a rollerbrush, one could generally say the New Testament tends to use the word presbyteros (elder) most often in Jewish contexts and the other words – episkopos, poimen, and oikonomos – when speaking in Gentile contexts. This is a bit ironic in that within the heritage of which I am a part (American Churches of Christ), which is decidedly Gentile, by far and away the most frequently used word is “elder” with the word “shepherd” also making an occasional appearance. The words “manager,” “pastor,” “overseer,” and “supervisor”  are nearly never used within our heritage, and would quite oddly and most certainly raise an eyebrow if they were, though they be quite descriptive of an elder/shepherd’s place and function.