Now as much as we at times might like it to be, we know the New Testament (NT) is not a law book or a check list. We know the NT is the composition of the work of different writers in different settings at different times with different styles and with different intents and purposes in mind. Consequently, when we search the NT for texts concerning nearly any teaching we should expect to discover multiple texts and variation between those texts.
So, what should we do with Scripture texts that speak in a variety of ways on a matter? We’d do well to resist the temptation to simply pour all of the texts we uncover into something of a systematic theology blender (shades of the Bass-o-Matic). Instead, we should seek to simply grow comfortable with allowing the individual texts to speak for themselves and stick to capturing the big picture of Scripture’s teaching. In learning to live with whatever variation we find we’ll actually be safeguarding ourselves from attempting to convert Scripture into something it isn’t.
Now when we turn to the NT in search of texts regarding the qualities fitting for one who would serve as an elder among God’s people, we find multiple passages with variation between them. This variation alone immediately clues us into the fact that there is no set checklist or listing of qualifications to serve as a shepherd of God’s people, but something more on the order of a portrait of an elder being painted with varying textures and colors. That is, the information shared with us then in these texts is not a strict list of criteria or qualifications for elders, but are something more on the order of important, helpful guidelines or indicators.
Now in my experience, two texts on the qualities of elders tend to capture most of our attention when this topic comes to the top: 1 Timothy 3.1-7 and Titus 1.5-9. However, at least two other NT passages should be factored into our observations from the start – 1 Timothy 5.17-22 and 1 Peter 5.1-5 – and our quest for understanding should not end with a superficial reading of any or all of these passages.
What follows below is my attempt to take into real consideration the details of these four passages (as worded in the Common English Bible) while looking for “the big picture” that, taken together, they paint. And so, when considering someone as a potential candidate to serve as one of a church’s elders, I would suggest that Scripture is telling us to ask some serious questions about them, namely:
1. Is their character and behavior highly respectable?
a. Do they love what is good? – Titus 1.8
b. Are they godly? – Titus 1.8
c. Are they without fault? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.6
d. Are they honest? – 1 Tim. 3.2
e. Are they ethical? – Titus 1.8
f. Can they stand the heat of a false accusation? – 1 Tim. 5.19
g. Do they have a good reputation with those outside the church? – 1 Tim. 3.7
2. Is their family life healthy?
a. Are they faithful to their spouse? That is, are they a one-woman man? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.6
b. Do they manage their household well, fostering respect and obedience in the lives of their children? – 1 Tim. 3.4-5
c. Are their children faithful, not self-indulgent or rebellious? – Titus 1.6
3. Do they play well with others?
a. Are they gentle? – 1 Tim. 3.3
b. Are they peaceable? – 1 Tim. 3.3
c. Do they bully anyone? – 1 Tim. 3.3; Titus 1.7
4. Are they giving and generous?
a. Are they without fault as managers of what God has already given them? – Titus 1.7
b. Are they greedy for or with anything? – 1 Tim. 3.3; Titus 1.7; 1 Pet. 5.3
c. Do they show hospitality? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.8
5. Do they think clearly and manage their emotions well?
a. Are they modest about themselves? – 1 Tim. 3.2
b. Are they stubborn? – Titus 1.7
c. Are they irritable? – Titus 1.7
d. Are they sober and reasonable in their thinking? – 1 Tim. 3.2; Titus 1.8
6. Are they teachable and given to teaching?
a. Do they pay attention to the reliable message they themselves are taught? – Titus 1.9
b. Are they capable public speakers and teachers who encourage people and defend healthy instruction? – 1 Tim. 3.2; 5.17-18; Titus 1.9
c. Would they handle receiving godly, public discipline well?- 1 Tim. 5.20
7. Does anything, or anyone, own them?
a. Are they addicted to alcohol? – 1 Tim. 3.3; Titus 1.7
b. Are they self-controlled? – Titus 1.8
c. Would their appointment be the result of bias or the playing of favorites? – 1 Tim. 5.21
8. Do they lead people rightly?
a. Do they lead people? – 1 Tim. 5.17
b. Do they lead by example? – 1 Pet. 5:3
c. Can they handle having and exercising authority over people? – 1 Pet. 5.5
d. Would they be susceptible to succumbing to ruling over people? – 1 Pet. 5.3
e. Would they function like shepherds among a flock of sheep, watching over them? – 1 Pet. 5:2
9. Would they shepherd because they’ve got to or because they get to?
a. Is it their goal to take on the responsibility of being a supervisor in the church? – 1 Tim. 3.1
b. Would they do their work as a shepherd voluntarily and for God? – 1 Pet. 5.2
10. Is the timing right for their appointment?
a. Are they a new believer? – 1 Tim. 3.6
b. Would their appointment be hasty, unethical, or unwise? – 1 Tim. 5.22
