Today we expect a story to move toward a climax at the end. It is as if the story is a plane taking off and the climax, or end, of the story is when it reaches its highest altitude.
But stories have not always been shaped this way and that’s not the ways travelers view a successful flight, either. You see, many stories in ancient times find their climax not at the end, but in the middle. Something like the way a plane slowly ascends, reaches altitude, and then gradually descends on a trajectory similar to, but the opposite of, takeoff. Such structure is known as chiasm and the Bible is chock full of sentences, paragraphs, and whole books with chiastic outlines.
Now most modern interpretations of the book of Revelation are doomed to misunderstanding as soon as they takeoff in that they assume the book follows a modern outline (i.e. its climax is at the end). However, a close examination of Revelation reveals quite the opposite for the entire book appears to be outlined chiastically.*
Prologue: Rev. 1:1-20
A. The imperfect church: Rev. 2:1-3:22
B. God’s power over evil explained: Rev. 4:1-8:6
C. The warning judgments : Rev. 8:1-11:19
D. The Lamb as God’s answer to it all : Rev. 12:1-14:20
C. The judgments consummated: Rev. 15:1-16:21
B. God’s power over evil exercised: Rev. 17:1-20:15
A. The church in perfection: Rev. 21:1-22:5
Epilogue: Rev. 22:6-21
You’ll notice that if the prologue and epilogue are removed from the book, the book naturally falls into seven segments, six of them having corresponding sections. It is the book’s centerpiece, the very center of the book (Rev. 12:1-14:20), that forms the book’s climax. A closer look reveals that each of the seven sections are composed primarily of seven components.
Prologue: Rev. 1:1-20
A. The imperfect church: Rev. 2:1-3:22 (seven letters to seven churches)
- 1. Ephesus: 2:1-72
- 2. Smyrna: 2:8-11
- 3. Pergamum: 2:12-17
- 4. Thyatira: 2:18-29
- 5. Sardis: 3:1-6
- 6. Philadelphia: 3:7-13
- 7. Laodicea: 3:14-22
B. God’s power over evil explained: Rev. 4:1-8:6 (seven seals)
- 1. War: 6:1-2
- 2. Rebellion: 6:3-4
- 3. Famine: 6:5-6
- 4. Death: 6:7-8
- 5. Martyrs: 6:9-11
- 6. Cosmic signs: 6:12-17
- 7. The seven trumpets introduced: 8:1-6
C. The warning judgments: Rev. 8:1-11:19(seven trumpets sound)
- 1. Hail, fire & blood: 8:7
- 2. The sea becomes blood: 8:8-9
- 3. The falling star: 8:10-11
- 4. Sun, moon & stars darkened: 8:12-13
- 5. Opening the bottomless pit; the first woe: 9:1-12
- 6. Four angels released; the second woe: 9:13-21
- 7. The consummation; the third woe: 11:15-19
D. The Lamb as God’s answer to it all: Rev. 12:1-14:20 (seven significant symbols & seven angelic messages)
- 1. The woman with child: 12:1-2
- 2. The dragon: 12:3-4
- 3. The male child: 12:5-6
- 4. The angel Michael: 12:7-17
- 5. The beast from the sea: 13:1-10
- 6. The beast from the land: 13:11-18
- 7. The Lamb on Mount Zion: 14:1-5
- 1. Good news: 14:6-7
- 2. Babylon is fallen: 14:8
- 3. Wrath on beast worshipers: 14:9-12
- 4. Blessing is pronounced: 14:13
- 5. Ripe for harvest / judgment: 14:14-16
- 6. The harvesting angel is ready: 14:17
- 7. The judgment of evil earth: 14:18-20
C. The judgments consummated: Rev. 15:1-16:21 (seven bowls of wrath)
- 1. Sores on people: 16:2
- 2. The sea becomes blood: 16:3
- 3. The rivers & fountains become blood: 16:4-7
- 4. The sun’s fierce heat: 16:8-9
- 5. Darkness: 16:10-11
- 6. The foul spirits prepare for Armageddon: 16:12-16
- 7. The earthquake: 16:17-21
B. God’s power over evil exercised: Rev. 17:1-20:15 (seven descriptions of God’s judgments)
- 1. The prostitute & the beast identified: 17:1-18
- 2. The doom of Babylon is announced: 18:1-20
- 3. The doom of Babylon described: 18:21-24
- 4. The marriage supper of the Lamb: 19:1-10
- 5. The defeat of the beast & the false prophet: 19:11-21
- 6. The binding & limitation of Satan: 20:1-10
- 7. The final judgment: 20:11-15
A. The church in perfection: Rev. 21:1-22:5 (seven descriptions of the church in perfection)
- 1. The new heaven & the new earth: 21:1
- 2. The new Jerusalem, God’s dwelling: 21:2-8
- 3. The glory of the holy city Jerusalem: 21:9-14
- 4. The city’s measurements: 21:15-18
- 5. The city’s foundations: 21:19-21
- 6. The city’s light: 21:22-27
- 7. The city’s support: 22:1-5
Epilogue: Rev. 22:6-21
Yes, I can hear you saying now: “Okay, that’s all very interesting to someone, I’m sure, but what difference is all of this supposed to make to me?“
This is the difference. As you read the book of Revelation, don’t look for the focus of the book to be at the end, as if to answer your question, “What’s in this for me at the end?” Instead, read it with your eyes riveted on the one at the center of the book, the Lamb of God, Jesus Christ. See him as the more than adequate answer to all that comes up against the Creator and his creation. Period. For you see, this book was not written with us humans at the story’s center, but God. It was penned not to answer the question “What will we get?,” but the only question that truly matters, namely, “What is God doing?”
Heavenly Father, in the name of Jesus, forgive us as we all too frequently unconsciously, and sometimes consciously, “rewrite your story to be about us. You are the only Perfect One and you alone are sufficient answer to everything. Grow in us the confidence you longed to place within us by giving us your story and placing us in it, namely, that it’s not about us, rather it’s all about you. Amen.
* For this outline and understanding of the book of Revelation I am deeply indebted to the work of Dr. Nils Lund and my professor in graduate work at ACU in years gone by, Dr. Ian Fair.